| Reflexes | Motor | Psychosocial / Play |
| Rooting – birth to 3 months Galant – birth to 3 months Suck-Swallow – birth to 6 months Traction – birth to 6 months Moro – birth to 6 months ATNR – birth to 6 months Palmar – birth to 6 months Tonic Labyrinthine Supine & Prone – birth to 6 months Plantar Grasp – birth to 9 monthsLandau – 3 months to 2 years Labyrinthine Optical Head Righting – Birth to persists |
● Involuntary releasing skills ● Asymmetric movements ● Prone o Head movement, side to side; tuck chin (lift and sustain at midline); bear weight on forearms but unable to shift from side to side ● Supine o Turns head side to side ● Sitting o Must be held in sitting position but able to maintain head stabilization; rounded back ● Standing o Able to bear some weight when held in standing ● Rolling o Accidentally rolls prone to side; rolls from supine to side |
● Erikson- basic trust vs mistrust o Infant realizes that survival, comfort will be met ● Piaget- sensorimotor o Learns about cause/effect as a result of reflexive motor patterns that are repeated for enjoyment ● Exploratory play o Explores objects and people o Engages in play o Develops body scheme o SI motor skills develop |
| Reflexes | Motor | Psychosocial / Play / Cognition / Feeding |
| ● Suck-Swallow – birth to 6 months ` ● Traction – birth to 6 months ● Moro – birth to 6 months ● ATNR – birth to 6 months ● Palmar – birth to 6 months ● Tonic Labyrinthine Supine & Prone – birth to 6 months ● Plantar Grasp – 28 wks gestation to 9 months ● Landau – 3 months to 2 years ● STNR – 6 months to 12 months ● Neck/Body Righting on Body – 6 months to 5 years ● Downward Parachute (protective / downward) – 4 months, persists ● Forward Parachute (protective / forward) – 6 months, persists ● Prone Tilting – 5 months, persists ● Labyrinthine Optical Head Righting – Birth, persists |
● Prone o Shifts weight on forearms; bears weight and shifts weight on extended arms; equilibrium reactions are present; airplane posturing ● Supine o Increased head control (lifts head up indep); demos head lad when pulled up from sit position; has hands together in space and predominantly open; reaches for toys unilaterally and sometimes bilaterally; brings foot to mouth ● Sitting o Supports self in sitting momentarily and then uses arm support to increase / in back; at 6 months, get to sitting position from prone ● Standing o Increased ability to bear weight on legs; legs are held apart and turned outward; at 6 months, pulls to standing position from furniture ● Rolling o Rolls from prone to supine; at 6 months, rolls segmentally with initiation from head |
● Erikson – basic trust vs mistrust ● Piaget – sensorimotor o Voluntary movement patterns emerge o Coordination of vision and both hands o Further awareness of cause and effect ● Exploratory play o Explores objects and people o Engages in play o Develops body scheme ● Plays with caregiver during meals and engages in interactive routines ● 5-7 months : takes cereal or poured baby food from spoon o Has good head stability and emerging sitting abilities; reaches and grasps toys; explores and tolerates various textures ● 6-8 months : attempts to hold bottle but may not retrieve it if it falls; needs to be monitored for safety reasons o Object permanence is emerging and infant anticipates spoon or bottle o Is easily distracted by stimuli in environment |
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