Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) Grading Scale and Its Role in Occupational Therapy
Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) is a fundamental tool used in occupational therapy to evaluate muscle strength and identify limitations that impact daily activities. This method helps occupational therapists design targeted interventions to improve functional independence.
What is MMT?
MMT involves testing the strength of individual muscles or specific muscle groups using standardized grading systems. Commonly used grading systems include:
- MRC Scale
- Oxford Scale
- Kendall Scale
- Daniels and Worthingham Scale
These scales provide a structured approach to measure muscle performance, guiding effective therapy plans.
MMT Grading Chart
| Grade | Description |
| 0 (Zero) | No muscle contraction seen or felt. Paralysis. |
| 1 (Trace) | Muscle contraction without movement. |
| 2- (Poor Minus) | Incomplete ROM in a gravity-eliminated plane. |
| 2 (Poor) | Complete ROM in a gravity-eliminated plane. |
| 3 (Fair) | Complete ROM against gravity. |
| 4 (Good) | Complete ROM against gravity with moderate resistance. |
| 5 (Normal) | Complete ROM against gravity with maximum resistance. |
This MMT grading chart is widely used in occupational therapy to evaluate and monitor muscle strength. It also serves as a guide to select suitable therapeutic activities.
Types of Muscle Contractions
Muscle contractions can be categorized into three main types:
- 1. Isotonic Contractions: The muscle contracts to actively move a joint.
- Concentric: Muscle shortens during movement (e.g., lifting a hammer).
- Eccentric: Muscle lengthens to stabilize movement (e.g., setting a hammer down).
- 1. Isotonic Contractions: The muscle contracts without moving the joint
